The Tank Farm is Growing

There’s nothing like a busy week in the lead up to Christmas.  Our Christmas present for the winery this year has been 4 new 60,000 litre tanks.

On Monday and Tuesday prior to Christmas, the boys (Ben and Trev) spent the day with a 70 tonne crane manoeuvring the tanks into position in our ‘tank farm’.  The tanks look impressive enough but in the air with the huge crane it looks amazing.  The photos didn’t really do it justice but I tried to get some all the same.

These tanks are double skinned and will be refrigerated to hold our precious Sauvignon Blanc.  We now have capacity in the winery to house almost 1.9 million litres of wine and juice – plus our barrels.  Crown Sheetmetal in Invercargill are the clever makers of these tanks.  Once they are complete, they are loaded onto a huge truck and transported up the South Island to us.

In the ‘old days’, Ben used to build Waimea’s tanks.   He trained as an engineer upon leaving school and worked for a local firm for a number of years, building tanks and other winery equipment in the weekends.  He later trained in viticulture and came to work at Waimea full time as Viticulturist and for the last 18 months has also been our General Manager.  Time these days doesn’t permit to get out and work with metal so we’ve got a couple of really good local chaps who come in when needed.

Harry our on-site engineer has been busy helping to secure the tanks to the ground and is now crafting some more walkways so the crew can get about and do their high work safely come vintage.

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More new innovations at Waimea

We like technology here at Waimea.  Things that might just make life a wee bit easier.  Or add a new dimension to our products.  Things that really add to our true belief in sustainability.  It all starts right from in the vineyard, before the fruit has even formed on the vines and this year we’ve got ourselves a new toy.

Introducing the Spraypro R-Series – as they say it’s ‘a revolution in spray technology’.

We have 140 hectares of grape vines to keep on top of these days and it’s a bit of a mission to work through them to schedule, always mindful of the weather – wind/rain etc.  A cycle way has also recently been put smack bang through the middle of our working property so we were even more mindful of our impact on the environment and our community.

With our recently delivered machine, the spray that doesn’t deposit on foliage is recycled into the tank and reused.  On our very first spray we saved over 70% chemical which meant we went a lot further on a tank of spray saving stopping time, refilling, a lot of chemical loss to the environment and cost.

Spray-drift is far less of a concern to us now – we have the ability to spray in increased wind conditions if necessary and can complete our programme in a shorter cycle.

At the same time we bit the bullet and replaced our weedsprayer with a snappy wee machine that essentially does the same.  It has shrouds which protects the vine from any damage or burn from the weedspray.  This in turn saves on consumption and means we can spray in less-favourable conditions if necessary.

Spraying is normally our chap Greg’s task but he is currently on leave and recovering from a wee op.  Nathan has jumped in the saddle in the meantime and I caught him out in the vineyard a couple of days ago applying a cover spray and some smelly fish so took a quick picture.

Greg came in for a visit yesterday and couldn’t resist carefully hopping in and having a look at the bells and whistles (don’t tell Rose!).  With a hydraulic drive system needing no PTO shaft it’ll make things a wee bit easier for him when he is back on deck.

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Little Brown Owl

Just recently, Ben spent an afternoon out in the vineyard with a truck deck loaded up with small wooden ‘houses’.  He was on a mission to put up some owl and falcon stations after talking to local man Edward Bongers, and had accepted delivery of 7 of the pre-made dwellings.

Now, Ben is a bit of a kiwi bloke (well, a lot of a kiwi bloke really – I’m allowed to say it, I’m his wife!) but every now and then we get to see his soft side.  Last year it was a hawk which injured its wing and unfortunately had to be euthanized by the SPCA.  This year, it’s come in the form of a Little Brown Owl.

We’ve had our very own ‘Mr Owl’ this year (named by Ben and Martin) who has hung out in an old tree stump just down from the winery and restaurant.  We regularly saw him early mornings and in the evening and the girls in the office would often overhear Martin or Ben ask one another if they’d seen ‘Mr Owl’ lately.  We’ve seen him being a bit of a dare devil too, scaring the life out of Fiona by flying full tilt into the front office window (Fi screamed – loudly – just for the record!).  He fair shook the building, eventually shook his own head and picked himself up off the deck to fly back home – where all good owls should be during the day.

One of our neighbours had obviously noticed him too, hence the introduction of the bird houses – there are two types.  One type is for the owl and another type is for falcons which are great birds to have on and around your vineyard due to their amazing hunting capabilities.  Don’t know quite how they know whose home is whose but we understand that they work it out. 

So now Ben has placed these homes around various Waimea vineyards and we are hoping to soon see them filled with the correct species.  



Behaviour and ecology of the Little Brown Owl
This is a sedentary species which is found in open country such as mixed farmland and parkland. It takes prey such as insects, earthworms, amphibians, but also small birds and mammals. It can attack birds of considerable size like game birds. It is partly diurnal and often perches boldly and prominently during the day.[2]

It becomes more vocal in nights as the breeding season approaches. Nest location varies based on the habitat, nests being found in holes in trees, rocks, cliffs, river banks, walls, buildings etc.[2] It lays 3-5 eggs which are incubated by the female for 28–29 days, with a further 26 days to fledging. Little Owls will also nest in buildings, both abandoned and those fitted with custom owl nest boxes. If living in an area with a large amount of human activity, Little Owls may grow used to man and will remain on their perch, often in full view, while humans are around.


Falcons for Grapes programme
In 2005 funding was given by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry towards a programme that uses the falcons to control birds that damage grapes and act as pests in vineyards as well as monitoring the birds and establishing a breeding population in the vicinity of the Marlborough wine region.[6] Initially, four falcons were relocated to the vineyards from the surrounding hills. After the release of a further 15 birds breeding began to occur – the first time it is thought to have happened since land clearance 150 years ago. A major ongoing threat to the birds is electrocution on electricity distribution transformers with a fifth of the birds killed in this manner.[7][8]


Poetry:
  — 

The Owl and the Pussy-cat

The Owl and the Pussy-cat went to sea
In a beautiful pea-green boat.
They took some honey, and plenty of money,
Wrapped up in a five-pound note.
The Owl looked up at the stars above,
And sang to a small guitar,
‘O lovely Pussy! O Pussy, my love,
What a beautiful Pussy you are,
You are,
You are!
What a beautiful Pussy you are!’

Pussy said to the Owl,’You elegant fowl!
How charmingly sweet you sing!
O let us be married! too long have we tarried:
But what shall we do for a ring?’
They sailed away for a year and a day,
To the land where the Bong-tree grows
And there in a wood a Piggy-wig stood
With a ring at the end of his nose,
His nose,
His nose,
With a ring at the end of his nose.

‘Dear Pig, are you willing to sell for one shilling
Your ring?’ Said the Piggy, ‘I will.’
So they took it away, and were married next day
By the Turkey who lives on the hill.
They dined on mince, and slices of quince,
Which they ate with a runcible spoon;
And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand,
They danced by the light of the moon,
The moon,
The moon,
They danced by the light of the moon.

 —  Edward Lear

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Waimea Sauvignon Blanc to be poured at ‘The Cloud’

Waimea Sauvignon Blanc 2010 has been selected as the only Nelson Sauvignon Blanc to be poured at the Cloud during the RWC Wine and Food demonstrations. Our award-winning Sauvignon will be poured by a range of chefs alongside dishes such as: 

Steamed green lip mussels w/ lemongrass & coconut fire sauce
New Zealand natural oysters in half shell with a citrus scented jelly
Marlborough Clam Chowder, w/ cold pressed lemon oil & fine herbs

On the Akl waterfront from 13th sept to 23rd Oct, 11am to 6pm.

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Waimea launches newest ‘darling’

We are very proud and delighted to launch our latest family addition.  Light on calories, but not light on flavour, Waimea Estates has released the Nelson region’s first low alcohol Sauvignon Blanc.  100% naturally produced by gentle persuasion in our own certified sustainable vineyards to achieve ripe fruit flavours at lower sugar levels.

Waimea has recognised the growing consumer interest and an awareness of alcohol levels, busy lifestyles and responsibility around the enjoyment of alcohol.  The result is a 30% lower-alcohol and 30% lower-calorie premium wine that targets health-conscious consumers.

“To create an 8% alcohol wine naturally through the vineyard and winery without using artificial manipulation has been quite challenging,” says Ben Bolitho, Waimea’s GM and Viticulturist.  “The aim has been to achieve an explosive, fruity but balanced, not overly acidic wine with great texture and body.  We set about selecting a vineyard parcel that always produces ripe flavours earlier than our other blocks.  We trialled many different canopy management techniques throughout the rows – all targeted at producing physiological ripeness at lower sugar levels than we have been able to achieve before – therefore producing a less alcoholic fresher styled wine.”

Waimea’s winemaker Trudy Sheild is delighted that her team was able to achieve this wine style without resorting to the industrial machines that some wineries used to strip alcohol from finished wines to lower the alcohol levels.  “We have been able to develop ripe fruit flavours at lower sugar levels.  It has this gorgeous pungent lemon thyme aroma and a palate reminiscent of homemade lemonade!” she enthused.  “Many low alcohol wines lack fruit intensity and concentration, so I’m very pleased with our version – and it’s suitable for Vegan and Vegetarian wine drinkers as well, so that’s a real plus!”.

Typical NZ retail price for our 2011 naturally low alcohol Sauvignon Blanc is $19.

**If you wish to purchase our 2011 naturally low alcohol Sauvignon Blanc, please email office@waimeaestates.co.nz.  It will also be available in our online web store shortly.

Harvest

The 2010-2011 summer had near-record warm temperatures averaging at least 1.2°C above average for the Nelson region. More northwest winds than normal contributed to the warm temperatures and these provided a few deluges that kept both vineyard and winery staff on their toes.

These warm temperatures, carefully chosen vines and some early fruit exposure in the vineyard meant that fruit for this wine was harvested from the 1st of March, some two weeks earlier than the rest of our Sauvignon Blanc. Three different parcels were used for the wine, each quite different from the other, each adding character to the final wine.

Winemaking

Each parcel of fruit was hand picked, then destemmed and only gently pressed once at the winery. An early press cut was used to minimise green phenolics. The juice was then settled for three days to achieve low solids prior to ferment. Ferment was carried out at low temperatures, and with yeast strains chosen for their ability to maintain and enhance fruit characters. Once ferment was complete (some wines stopped to maintain a little sugar), the components were blended and the wine finished for our early bottling on the 1st of August.

Technical data

Alcohol:                      8%
Residual sugar:         9.3 g/L
pH:                              3.17   
Titratable acidity:    7.65   

Tasting note

This wine is lighter on calories than our standard Sauvignon Blanc but still has plenty of character. Aromas of lemon thyme and basil leap from the glass, the palate is juicy and reminiscent of homemade lemonade laced with lime zest. A fine minerality typical of fruit from the plains, runs throughout the wine and creates a lingering finish. A lighter option for lunchtime dinning or aperitif, but still well suited to those dishes you would traditionally team Sauvignon Blanc with.

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Vintage ’11 has been ‘one out of the box’ for Waimea.

A hot summer and excellent ripening season with ongoing warm nights  meant great conditions in the vineyard – vine health, vigour, canopy  management etc allowed us to  monopolise on the summer climate, acids  were riper and lower than usual.  This saw us commence our earliest ever  harvest.  On 1st March we select-picked Sauvignon Blanc from our Bridge  and Hunter Blocks for our debut low-alcohol Sauvignon Blanc.  It’s in  tank now and we are preparing for its bottling and release soon.  Look  out for it, it is offering up zingy, homemade lemonade-y characters and  will be only 8.5% alc/vol. so will be perfect for lunchtime quaffing! Then, harvest commenced in earnest a few days later.  Still right up  there in terms of ripeness, all our fruit was safely banked in the  winery by 2nd April before the rains settled in.

Our winery team was once again multi-nation, making for diversity and  interesting dynamics in the cellar.  The two German lads and our two  kiwi boys taught each other plenty of rude words from their respective  tongues, while the American contingent of Mick, Lindsay and Aaron  tackled a variety of cellar jobs with cheer and enthusiasm.  Trev, Ben,  Nathan, Greg and Bill kept the fruit flowing into the winery all season.  The foreign crew have all returned home now or carried on their  travels, leaving our core team of Trudy, Shona, Darryl, Sean, Mike  & Toby.  Wietske has also returned to normal duties in the sales  field, finishing another night shift vintage.  Its impossible to pick a favourite or ‘most exciting’ wine for this  harvest.  For the first time we took Chardonnay from our own blocks on  the plains and we are excited by its potential.  It is already showing  some beautiful fruit characters and a minerality reminiscent of a French  chablis.  We always have various Sauvignon Blanc parcels and these continue to  show their individual characters which came together so well in our 2010  Sauvignon.  For further complexity we have used some new yeasts on some  of the components and are very happy with the results.

Our Gewurztraminer components are showing real promise – lushness,  florals, and texture and we can’t wait to select the final blend.  It  was a ‘bumper’ crop for Gewurz too, it is normally a hard one to grow  and the fruit looked both beautiful and bountiful. Several separate Rose components were fermented this year to provide us  with some interesting options for the blend.  They have come together  beautifully in the style that we are renowned for.  We have produced a  little more this year as we sold out so quickly last year when voted as  “Best NZ Rose” by WineNZ Magazine.  Trev and Martin have just returned from the London Wine Trade Fairs  and were thrilled to be ‘on location’ when it was announced that Waimea  had won the Regional Trophy for best New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc under  £10 in the Decanter World Wine Awards.  Add to that our biggest ever  order to the UK and it’s fair to say we’re a happy bunch.  Not much time to slow down though as there is a heap of work  happening in the winery crafting our 2011 wines.

Mike T is busy in the  warehouse working to get the orders out the door and the vineyard crew  is tucking into the pruning. Things are a bit different out there this year with our local contractor  Elite Viticulture bringing in an amazing piece of machinery – the  latest in pruning technology.  Our gang still prunes the vines, but  after that, our trusty John Deere and the Klima come in and lift the  canopy, stripping out the old wood and leaving behind the canes which  the pruners have selected to be tied down.  The tiers then come in and  lay down the cane which will grow next years crop.  It sounds  incredible, looks incredible and seems to be yet another fantastic tool  saving some hard labour.

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Serving Wine

I know -  how difficult can it be to pour a glass of wine right?  Open the damn bottle and pour into a glass and drink.  Well, that’s about it in a nutshell, but there are one or two things to keep in mind that will maximize the enjoyment of drinking that glass you just poured.

Temperature:
We all know that generally its best to serve white wines chilled and red wines at room temperature – we do all know that right? But just how chilled should those white’s be, and what if you’re enjoying a week or two in the tropics where room temperature might be in the high 90′s (20′s C) if the air conditioning ain’t working. A wine served a little too cold or a little too warm can lose an awful lot of character, particularly with respect to aroma.

Whites
Champagne and dry white wines should be server at between 8ºC and 10ºC. Most domestic refrigerators maintain their internal environment at about 4ºC, which is far too cold for most white wines so make sure you don’t leave the wine in the fridge for any more than about one to one and half hours tops before serving it.   You can afford to serve sweeter white wines and cheaper sparkling wines slightly cooler – perhaps 5ºC to 8ºC so about two hours in the fridge should do the trick. For whites, a couple of hours in the fridge will do just fine. But if the guests have turned up unexpectedly and you happen to have cleaned out the fridge the night before then you can get away with chucking the wine in to an ice bucket filled half with ice and half cold water. You’ll just need to keep them distracted for about 20 minutes.

Reds
For most reds, room temperature is ideal, unless the room is a balmy 80°F, of course. in which case they might need a little cooling. For many fine red wines the ideal serving temperature is around 14ºC to 18ºC – somewhat cooler than most of today’s centrally heated houses and certainly cooler than most places in the midst of summer when the air-conditioning’s off.  In these circumstances you should do what I know will feel quite wrong – put the wine in the refrigerator for about 30 minutes, particularly if you’re planning on indulging in a nice Beaujolais or New Zealand Pinot Noir. Bordeaux reds, Rhônes and New World reds from warmer climates can be served a little warmer at 16 – 18ºC.

Whatever you do, avoid the temptation to rapidly heat a red wine  by placing it near a heater or other source of heat or you’ll risk drinking a stewed, over-heated wine.

Decanting
Fortunately, most wines sold today have no need for decanting.   This is because most red wines today undergo a process of clarification by a process of fining (using egg whites,  bentonite clay or other things you probably don’t want to know about) or mechanical filtration.   However, not all winemakers fine or filter their wines so in these circumstances decanting is a good idea.  Simply pour the wine gently into a decanter, leaving behind any solids in the bottle. The other reason you may still choose decant a wine is to open it up a little after many years in the bottle.

Breathing
This can take place in the glass or in a decanter and twenty to thirty minutes is enough. Younger wines may also benefit from a little breathing as it allows the wine to open up.  Try a wine just after you have opened the bottle and see how this compares with a glass poured 20-30 minutes later. You’ll probably be surprised at the difference. And of course today, for those of us who simply cant wait 20 minutes for that glass of red, there are all sorts of devices that speed up the process, some better than others and probably all costing much more than they are worth, but some do work well all the same.

And what about those whites?  Generally speaking whites don’t need breathing, but some argue that like reds, some aeration helps.   At the end of the day, whether red or white, you must be the judge.  If allowing wine to breath makes it taste better to you you should do it, if not, don’t.

Glassware
Plain, thin, clear wine glasses are better for appreciating the subtle aromas and flavours of a good wine than heavy, cut glass. A glass with a wide bowl tapering to a narrow opening allows the aromas to concentrate around the rim – and also alows you to more easily swirl the wine around in the glass which helps gently aerate the wine and allow the aromas to vaporize.  Champagne should be served in tall flutes or tall, thin tulip-shaped glasses.

Fill level
Many people make the mistake of over-filling a wine glass to avoid the risk of being thought miserable. But ideally a glass should never be filled more than half-filled.   This allows room for swirling the wine around in the glass to release its aromas without splashing it all over the table or down the front of your shirt. The safest way to give the glass a decent swirl without risk of embarrassment is to place it on the table, hold the stem at the base and make small quick circle motions with your wrist.  Yes, it does require a little practice, but before you know it, you’ll be doing it all the time without even thinking!

If you don’t finish the bottle, most wines will keep quite happily for a couple of days with the cork stuck back in the bottle, keeping the air out. You can even buy vacuum pumps in wine shops to remove the air altogether, which will buy you another day or two. Whites are better off in the fridge and reds left out at room temperature. It’s impossible to say exactly how long a wine will keep once open because each wine is different, but in general the higher quality the wine, the longer it will keep.

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The grape maketh the wine

Grapevines generally like a relatively long growing season of at least 100 days with nice warm daytime temperatures between 25-30 degrees and cool nights. Ideally the difference in temperature between day and night should be around 20-26 degrees.  These requirements restrict the geographical regions where grapes can successfully be grown which is why we only see wines produced in certain countries – specifically those that sit approximately 30-50 degrees north and south of the equator.

If you get out your globe, you’ll see that this embraces as far south as the bottom of the South Island of New Zealand and north as far as about Sweden in the 59th parallel.

Grape quality is the single most important factor that determines the quality of the wine we drink.  Quite simply, bad grapes generally means bad wine as its almost impossible for the winemaker to improve things during wine making.   And while its true that poor wine making can ruin good grapes, a competent wine maker has a significantly better chance of making a truly great wine when starting with great grapes.  Ok, you get the picture.  Start with the best raw materials right?

So how do we define good grape quality?  There are several factors that we must consider – some are permanent (soil, climate, variety, etc); some are variable (the weather during the growing season); some are modifiable  (the time of harvest, pruning) and some are accidental (hail storm, diseases).    If you consider for a moment the considerable number of  permutations of all of these factors you begin to see how difficult it can be to grow great grapes.  It should come as no surprise that the very best wines in the world come from vineyards that are overseen by very experienced managers and viticulturists.

In the first few weeks after flowering the small green grape berry is a very hard, acidic pellet. Over time with the correct exposure to the sun and ideal growing conditions the berry slowly increases in volume to become a plump, sweet, fruit and begins to change colour.  This is the start of veraison or “the onset of ripening”. It represents the transition from berry growth to berry ripening and many changes in berry development occur at during this period.

During veraison, water, sugars, and nitrogen compounds are transported to the berry where gradually the level of natural sugars increases while the acidity levels decrease. At the same time various flavor and aroma compounds are synthesized within the berry.

Sugar concentration increases until a maximum value defined by climate and variety is reached. After a short stable period the sugar concentration starts to increase again as the berries now over-ripen and begin to shrink.  Its during this short stable period that the grapes are at their optimum ripeness or maturity and this is the point at which they should be picked to for the production of the highest quality wines.

As a rule of thumb white wines will be harvested a little earlier to preserve acidity that is important for imparting the fresh, crisp flavours and sensory characteristics of the wine.   Reds on the other hand may be harvested a little later allowing the sugar concentration to develop further at the expense of acidity. But determining the exact time of harvest is as much art as it is science and a good vineyard manager or winemaker will know intuitively when this is for each vine. It will be different each year depending upon climate, grape maturity and most of all the desired characteristics of the finished wine.   Not a job for the feint of heart!

Once the decision to harvest is made, the grape clusters are cut from the vines by hand with picking knives or scissors, or in some cases machine harvested.  But whether by hand or machine, the  picked grapes must be moved quickly to the winery for wine making since any delay may allow oxidation to occur and a rapid decline in the quality of the grapes.

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Making White Wine

There are a number of stages in making white wine.

The steps in the production of white wine

Harvest
After taking a series of sugar readings and taste tests for ripeness, the winemaker in consultation with the vineyard manager will decide when the grapes should be picked.  By varying the level of ripeness at picking, the grapes will show different flavour characteristics which can be used to advantage during blending.

De-Stemmer Crusher
The stems are removed from the grape bunches and the grapes carefully crushed.  This allows the yeasts to be exposed for fermenting and also allows the skins to impart soem colour to the wine.

Free Run Juice Taken Off
The juice that freely runs from the crushed grapes provides the best quality wine.  It is removed and set aside for blending.  The remaining drier must is called pomace and it is sent to the press for pressing.

Press
The remaining juice is squeezed out of the pomace by pressing.  The more the grapes are pressed the more astringent the juice coming off and the poorer the wine quality.This squeezes the remaining juice out of the pomace.

Fermentation
During the process of fermentation, the sugar in the wine is converted to Carbon Dioixe, Heat and Alcohol, by the yeasts naturally present or introduced by the winemaker.

Pumping Over
During the fermentation process the skins and other solids in the must float to the top of the tank and form a “cap”. The cap needs to be pushed back down into the must with a punching tool, or alternatively the must is pumped from the bottom of the tank back over the cap to submerge it. This ensures that the skins and other solids stay in contact with the must.

Settle
After fermentation is complete, the juice, now wine needs to settle for a while.

Oak Aging
Some white wines like Chardonnay and sometimes even Sauvignon Blanc will be transferred to oak barrels for aging.  Oak barrels are very expensive however, so the amount of time the wine remains in oak may be limited or in many cases none at all, such as is the case with unoaked chardonnays.

Racking
This is the process of moving wine from one barrel to a new another barrel – leaving behind any solids and other things that might cloud the wine.

Malo-Lactic Fermentation
This is a secondary fermentation and its principally carried out so as to convert any tart malic acid (think green apples) into softer lactic acids (think milk). Not all white wines will go through this stage.

Fining
If anything is suspended in the wine that makes it cloudy, fining will remove it. Its normally done with special fining agents or egg.

Filtering
Filtering removes any fining agents remaining in the wine or any other undesirable elements in the wine.

Bottling
During bottling, the wine must not come into contact with the air or else it will start to oxidise.  The wine must also be kept very clean during the bottling stage to avoid contaminants. Wine will continue to age in the bottle for many years.

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Shoot thinning – What the?

Ben our Vineyard manager (and one of the owners actually) reckons the three most important vineyard management steps in the annual lifecycle of a grapevine are:

  1. pruning in the winter,
  2. shoot thinning in the spring, and
  3. harvest in autumn.

We’ll talk more about pruning and harvesting at another time – for now lets focus on shoot thinning – what it is and why we do it?

Building flavour in the grapes and into the wine
Basically we shoot thin in order to redirect the vine’s energy toward less shoots. Less shoots means less grape clusters and hence more concentrated flavours in the grapes we use to make the fruit driven, concentrated Waimea wines you’re all familiar with.

Shoot thinning is also the first step in allowing filtered light to penetrate the inside of the canopy. It’s this all-important light that assists with flavor development during ripening. It also allows for better air movement within the cluster microclimate — and this helps to keep down fungal diseases, such as botryis and powdery mildew. I know you like the botrytis in your Waimea stickies – but you’d soon be grumbling if you could taste it in your Sauvignon Blanc!

Balance Grasshopper – Balance
Like almost all things in the vineyard – balance is the key to shoot thinning. Too few shoots are not ideal nor are too many shoots. If we thin out too many shoots we limit the yield and the accountants get grumpy. More importantly we risk creating a situation where there are not enough shoots to harvest the sunlight available to the vines, causing the few shoots to grow too aggressively with a lot of laterals. These “Bull” shoots tend to be less winter hardy and will produce less fruit the following season.

If we leave too many shoots we may over crop this vines, or the shoots that we leave will shade out each other and the fruit. This overly thick canopy also leads to less cold hardiness, less fruitfulness of the buds for next year, and an increased potential for disease. Not too good for the Waimea wine!

So to make sure you’ll continue to enjoy our wine we make sure we leave just the ‘right’ amount of shoots so as to get a balanced fruit yield, adequately harvest the sunlight, not shade out the vines, and not have excessively vigorous bull shoots that throw a lot of laterals. I never said this was easy!

Ok, so how many shoots do we leave? Well, to be honest we don’t know exactly, the text books tell us that around 4-6 shoots per foot of canopy is about right, but experience tells us that it all depends. In some cases higher densities might be justified with highly vigorous vines that aren’t very fruitful. We can only really make the call when we’re in the vineyard and I guess that’s just as well because it keeps Ben in a job!

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